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تیروئیدکتومی کامل: A Beginner's Guide

تیروئیدکتومی کامل (Total Thyroidectomy) is a surgical procedure in which the entire thyroid gland is removed. This procedure is often recommended for patients with thyroid cancer, large goiters, or hyperthyroidism that cannot be managed with medication. In this article, we will break down the basics of تیروئیدکتومی کامل, its implications, and what to expect before, during, and after the surgery.

What is the Thyroid Gland?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism by producing hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones influence various bodily functions, including heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.

Why is تیروئیدکتومی کامل Performed?

A total thyroidectomy may be recommended for several reasons:

**Thyroid Cancer**: The most common reason for this surgery is to treat thyroid cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the thyroid or nearby tissues.
**Large Goiters**: A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing.
**Hyperthyroidism**: In cases where hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) cannot be controlled with medication or radioactive iodine, surgery may be necessary.
**Graves' Disease**: This autoimmune disorder can cause hyperthyroidism and may require surgical intervention.

What to Expect Before Surgery

Before undergoing تیروئیدکتومی کامل, your doctor will conduct several tests to assess your thyroid function and overall health. These may include:

Blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels.
Imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans to evaluate the size and location of the thyroid gland.
A biopsy to determine if cancer is present.

Your doctor will also discuss the risks and benefits of the surgery, as well as any potential complications, such as damage to the parathyroid glands or vocal cords.

The Surgical Procedure

During the surgery:

You will be placed under general anesthesia.
The surgeon will make an incision in the front of your neck to access the thyroid gland.
The entire thyroid gland is carefully removed, along with any surrounding lymph nodes if cancer is present.
The incision is then closed with sutures or surgical glue.

The procedure typically takes 2-3 hours, and most patients can go home the same day or after a short hospital stay.

Recovery and Aftercare

After تیروئیدکتومی کامل, you will need to take thyroid hormone replacement medication for the rest of your life to maintain normal hormone levels. Recovery time varies, but most people can return to normal activities within 1-2 weeks.

Key points to remember during recovery:

Take your medication as prescribed.
Attend follow-up appointments to monitor your hormone levels.
Watch for signs of complications, such as difficulty breathing, voice changes, or numbness in your hands or feet.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, تیروئیدکتومی کامل carries some risks, including:

Damage to the parathyroid glands, which can lead to low calcium levels.
Injury to the vocal cords, causing hoarseness or difficulty speaking.
Infection or bleeding at the surgical site.

Conclusion

تیروئیدکتومی کامل is a significant surgical procedure that can effectively treat thyroid cancer, large goiters, and hyperthyroidism. If you or a loved one is considering this surgery, it's essential to discuss all options with your healthcare provider and understand the potential risks and benefits.

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تیروئیدکتومی کامل

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